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The main solvents are mineral spirits, and turpentine, but sometimes toluol, or acetone are needed, the later having the highest flashpoint and volatility. Alcohol, and water are also used, and other more specialized solvents. Water is the main solvent in acrylic painting, it is also called the universal solvent.
For artistic works on canvas, in oils, the use of linseed, walnut, poppy seed, and other natural oils, in combination with various resins, and waxes, have formed the basis for many painting mediums. These mediums are combined with the paint ( or raw pigment) to form a paint film which is built up in layers to form the painting. For acrylic painting the pigments are mixed with Rhoplex A34 an emulsion-polymerized acrylic resin, which dries quickly.
I use alkyd based paints for my repairs. It is a slightly modified oil based paint that dries much faster than linseed oil, and forms a more durable paint film.
The Paint, made of a mixture of various pigments (colours) and a medium manufactured for artists use. These pigments are the same for oil, acrylic, and watercolor, although watercolor has no white pigment, and sometimes the manufacturers grind them differently for different mediums. Watercolor is also limited to the transparent pigments. When mixing paints for a picture artists think in terms of ; Hue ( the color, red, blue, yellow, etc.), Value ( the color's lightness or darkness, relative to a grey scale), and Intensity ( the purity of the color, i.e. bright red, to a dull grayed red).
In terms of the light and colors you see in painting, this is called subtractive light. In other words you see blue because the red and yellow have been subtracted, or filtered out. Most of the colors you see in the physical world are seen this way. On this computer screen you are seeing additive light, or red green and blue added together to get the various colors, that's why it's called RGB,(standard mode for most monitors) or for Print CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). This is how the computer converts the additive light into a subtractive light. The range between dark colors, i.e., black being the darkest, and white being the lightest is referred to as a color gamut. What you see on a print, or a painting has only 50% of the range that you see in the world, and artists generally exaggerate to give the illusion of a full color gamut. The computer screen with it's own internal light source has a larger color gamut, and that is why it's hard to get a print to look like what you see on your screen.
